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作家相片森林故事 | ForeStory | 編輯部

高山植群帶的璀璨自然風景



高山植群帶的組成
圖1 高山植群帶的組成及自然風景

高山植群帶是山地植群中海拔最高的一個區域,主要分布在高海拔約3600公尺以上的山區,年均溫低於5度。這個植群帶位於森林界線之上,因此已經沒有喬木組成的森林,主要以玉山杜鵑和玉山圓柏等灌木為主,同時還有大量的玉山箭竹,形成高山草原的自然景觀。


由於海拔極高且遮蔽較少、蒸散作用較大,因此區域的植物呈現四季變化明顯,而許多植物的花季主要集中在夏季。夏天時,這裡的景色如同花園般令人驚艷,紫外線較強,使得所有植物的花朵色彩豔麗,猶如繽紛的繪畫,這樣的景象在平地難以見到。


圖2 高山植群帶-雪山翻白草
圖2 高山植群帶-雪山翻白草

圖3 高山植群帶-玉山蠅子草
圖3 高山植群帶-玉山蠅子草

夏季高山植群帶常見的野花包括

  • 龍膽科 (Gentianaceae)

  • 小檗科 (Berberidaceae)

  • 菊科籟蕭屬 (Anaphalis)

  • 菊科薄雪草屬 (Leonopodium)

  • 薔薇科繡線菊屬 (Spiraea)

  • 薔薇科草莓屬 (Fragaria)

  • 薔薇科翻白草屬 (Potentilla)

  • 景天科佛甲草屬 (Sedum)

  • 列當科碎雪草屬 (Euphrasia)

  • 天門冬科鹿藥屬 (Maianthemum)





也有許多高山的蘭花和蕨類等,種類相當豐富,其中不乏臺灣的特有種。

圖4 高山植群帶-玉山薄雪草
圖4 高山植群帶-玉山薄雪草

圖5 高山植群帶-黑斑龍膽
圖5 高山植群帶-黑斑龍膽

圖6 高山植群帶-阿里山龍膽
圖6 高山植群帶-阿里山龍膽

合歡山是高山植群帶中比較容易抵達且植物種類豐富的地點,尤其適合初學高山植物的人參觀。如果體能許可,南湖圈谷和雪山圈谷也有獨特的植物種類值得一遊。由於高山植群帶的極高海拔和特殊植被組成,形成獨特的景觀,讓人留下難以忘懷的印象。除了夏季海邊玩水外,也可以考慮到山上賞花避暑喔!


The alpine vegetation the highest among mountainous regions, is typically found above 3600 meters where the average annual temperature is below 5 degrees Celsius. This zone, located above the forest line, is devoid of deciduous trees and instead dominated by shrubs like Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum and Juniperus morrisonicola, along with abundant Yushania niitakayamensis, creating a landscape akin to alpine grasslands.


Due to the high altitude and minimal shading, plants here experience distinct seasonal changes, with most flowering in summer. This season transforms the landscape into a garden, with intense ultraviolet radiation enhancing the vibrant colors of the flowers, offering a spectacle rarely seen in lowland areas.


Summer in the alpine vegetation is marked by wildflowers from varied taxa like Gentiana, Berberis, Anaphalis, Leonopodium, Spiraea, Fragaria, Potentilla, Sedum, Euphrasia, Maianthemum, along with numerous high-altitude orchids and ferns. This diverse flora includes many endemic species native to Taiwan.


Hehuan Mountain, with its accessibility and botanical diversity, is an ideal spot for exploring high-altitude plant life. If fitness permits, Nanhu Cirque and Xueshan Cirque also offer unique plant species worth visiting. The high altitude and unique vegetation create a memorable landscape. So, consider a summer escape to the mountains to admire the blooming flowers, in addition to seaside activities.

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